What is Object Oriented Programming

What Is OOP Programming?
Historically, a program has been viewed as a logical procedure that takes input data, processes it, and produces output data. As for example suppose we have to store 5 peoples personal details in programme. it can be used to do,

                var name1 = "richard"

                var address1 = "29 morgan street parkVille 2345"

                var gender1 = male
                

Likewise you have to mess with repetitive data assignment and Also, the separation of data from method prevents a common problem found in older linear software languages. If a bug appears in a linear code, it can be translated through a system and create masses of hard-to-trace errors. Conversely, an OOP program, with its separation of method and data, is not susceptible to such proliferated errors. One of the great benefits of OOP is that of scalability, with objects and definitions having no finite limitation.

Defination:

It's kind of structure or can say template object that can be used for many time so through it you can do to manipulate data, help store data, retrieve and help to view data through MVC model.It's collection of method and variables. It is a blueprint that defines the data and behavior of a type.
why would you use it?
One of the great benefits of OOP is that of scalability, with objects and definitions having no finite limitation. Also, the separation of data from method prevents a common problem found in older linear software languages. If a bug appears in a linear code, it can be translated through a system and create masses of hard-to-trace errors. Conversely, an OOP program, with its separation of method and data, is not susceptible to such proliferated errors. many javascript projects are written using a functional, or event-driven design pattern.
In which cases would an OOP pattern be a better choice?

Object Oriented Programming (OOP) refers to using self-contained pieces of code to develop applications. We call these self-contained pieces of code objects, better known as Classes in most OOP programming languages and Functions in JavaScript. We use objects as building blocks for our applications. Building applications with objects allows us to adopt some valuable techniques, namely, Inheritance (objects can inherit features from other objects), Polymorphism (objects can share the same interface—how they are accessed and used—while their underlying implementation of the interface may differ), and Encapsulation (each object is responsible for specific tasks). In JavaScript, objects can encapsulate functionality and inherit methods and properties from other objects, so

Object Oriented Programming + Event-Driven Programming

The last thing I want to touch on here is the combination of the Object Oriented and Event-driven programming paradigms. These two make for a very valuable combination in a wide variety of situations and I think it can be beneficial to understand and conceptualize why. The Object Oriented approach promotes the idea that all behavior of an individual unit (or object) be handled from code within that unit. Using this approach, applications are built with many different units that all speak to and interact with each other.

The constructor is called at the moment of instantiation (the moment when the object instance is created). The constructor is a method of the class. In JavaScript, the function serves as the constructor of the object; therefore, there is no need to explicitly define a constructor method. Every action declared in the class gets executed at the time of instantiation. The constructor is used to set the object’s properties or to call methods to prepare the object for use. Adding class methods and their definitions occurs using a different syntax.
Adding class methods and their definitions occurs using a different syntax described later in this article.

                    function Mammal(name,lifeSpan,diet) {
                    this.name = name;
                    this.lifeSpan = lifeSpan;
                    this.diet = diet;
                    this.voice = function () {
                           console.log(`Mammal ${this.name} can make voice !!`);
                            };
                    }
                

Instantiate simple Mammal object

let dog = new Mammal("Dog",15,"omnivores");

Inheritance

dog is instant of Mammal, it has all properties and method from Mammal.

                    console.log(`Mammal name is ${dog.name} \n
                    It's life span ${dog.lifeSpan} years \n It is ${dog.diet}`);
                

call function inherited from Mammal

                    dog.voice();
                    //here inheritance from Mmmal
                    function Man(name,lifeSpan,diet, isIntaligennt){
                        Mammal.call(this,name,lifeSpan,diet);
                        this.isteligent = isIntaligennt;
                    }
                

                    //you can add properties and methods later in main Object
                    Mammal.prototype.habitat = "everywhere";
                    //now check in dog object, it's habitat
                    console.log(dog.habitat);
                    // now change, later added property in Mammal and inherited in
                    dog object
                    dog.habitat = "Around human Habitat";

                    console.log(dog.habitat);
                    // Same way you can add in Mammal object a new method
                    Mammal.prototype.swim = function () {
                      console.log(`${this.name} can swim!!`);
                    };
                    dog.swim();
                

Encapsulation